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---
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title: "Instalación/migración de aplicaciones web PHP"
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date: 2022-12-07T18:15:43+01:00
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draft: false
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image: featured.png
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categories:
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- práctica
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- Implantación de Aplicaciones Web
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tags:
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- php
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- vagrant
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- cms
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- mediawiki
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- apache
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- nginx
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- vps
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---
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## Escenario
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Vamos a hacer un escenario de vagrant utilizando el siguiente `Vagrantfile`:
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```ruby
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Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
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config.vm.define :web do |web|
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web.vm.box = "debian/bullseye64"
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web.vm.hostname = "servidor-web-roberto"
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web.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
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web.vm.network :public_network,
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:dev => "bridge0",
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:mode => "bridge",
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:type => "bridge",
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use_dhcp_assigned_default_route: true
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web.vm.network :private_network,
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:libvirt__network_name => "net1",
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:libvirt__dhcp_enabled => false,
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:ip => "10.0.0.1",
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:libvirt__forward_mode => "veryisolated"
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end
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config.vm.define :bd do |bd|
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bd.vm.box = "debian/bullseye64"
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bd.vm.hostname = "servidor-bd-roberto"
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bd.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", disabled: true
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bd.vm.network :private_network,
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:libvirt__network_name => "net1",
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:libvirt__dhcp_enabled => false,
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:ip => "10.0.0.2",
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:libvirt__forward_mode => "veryisolated"
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end
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end
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```
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## Configuración de resolución estática
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Vamos a configurar la resolución estática de las páginas utilizando la IP pública de la máquina web:
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## Instalación de un CMS PHP en mi servidor local
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En este caso el CMS que vamos a instalar es [Media Wiki](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Installing_MediaWiki). Ahora vamos a configurar el servidor y la base de datos.
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En el servidor web instalamos apache con php:
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```bash
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apt update
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apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php php php-mysql
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```
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### Configuración del VirtualHost
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Vamos a instalar el cms en `/var/www/mediawiki`, por lo configuramos el vhost en el fichero `etc/apache2/sites-available/mediawiki.conf`:
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```apache2
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName www.roberto.org
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ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
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DocumentRoot /var/www/mediawiki
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ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
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CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
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```
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Ahora activamos el VirtualHost
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```bash
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a2ensite mediawiki
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systemctl reload apache2
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```
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### Configuración de la base de datos
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En el servidor que va a tener la base de datos, instalamos mariadb:
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```bash
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apt update
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apt install mariadb-server
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mariadb -u root
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```
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Dentro vamos a crear una base de datos para el CMS y un usuario con permisos:
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```sql
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'remoto'@'%'
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IDENTIFIED BY 'remoto' WITH GRANT OPTION;
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create database mediawiki;
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```
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Para configurar el acceso remoto, tenemos que modificar en fichero `/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf`, la siguiente línea:
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```bash
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bind-address = 0.0.0.0
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```
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Y reiniciamos el servicio.
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Ahora desde el cliente creamos el siguiente usuario:
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```sql
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'remoto'@'10.0.0.2' IDENTIFIED BY 'remoto' WITH GRANT OPTION;
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```
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y podemos conectarnos a la base de datos remota con el siguiente comando:
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```bash
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mysql -u remoto -h 10.0.0.2 --password=remoto
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```
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### Instalación MediaWiki
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Para instalar media wiki, tenemos que descargar la última versión de la página oficial:
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```bash
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wget https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.38/mediawiki-1.38.4.tar.gz
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tar -xf mediawiki-1.38.4.tar.gz
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cp -r mediawiki-1.38.4/* /var/www/mediawiki/
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chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/mediawiki/
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```
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Antes de iniciar la instalación tenemos que instalar los siguientes paquetes:
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```bash
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apt install php-mbstring php-xml php-intl -y
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systemctl restart apache2.service
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```
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Ahora seguimos la instalación normalmente, pero en la configuración de la base de datos es importante especificar la IP:
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Una vez finalizada la configuración inicial, se descarga el fichero `LocalSettings.php`:
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Tenemos que moverlo al Document Root de MediaWiki:
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```bash
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chown www-data:www-data LocalSettings.php
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mv LocalSettings.php /var/www/mediawiki/
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```
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Una vez realizada la configuración, accediendo a `www.roberto.org` aparece la wiki:
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#### Instalación de un módulo
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Tras configurar el tema, vamos a instalar un módulo: [SimpleCalendar](https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SimpleCalendar):
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```bash
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wget https://extdist.wmflabs.org/dist/extensions/SimpleCalendar-REL1_38-b7a2f05.tar.gz
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tar -xf SimpleCalendar-REL1_38-b7a2f05.tar.gz
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mv SimpleCalendar /var/www/mediawiki/extensions/
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```
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Ahora añadimos la siguiente línea al final de `LocalSettings.php`:
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```bash
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echo "wfLoadExtension( 'SimpleCalendar' );" >> /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php
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```
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Una vez hecho, podemos comprobar que está correctamente instalado accediendo a [http://www.roberto.org/index.php/Especial:Versión](http://www.roberto.org/index.php/Especial:Versi%C3%B3n)
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Ya instalado, podemos añadir calendarios a las páginas de la wiki con el siguiente bloque:
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```php
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{{#calendar: year=2022 | month=nov | title="calendario" }}
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```
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Y quedaría de la siguiente forma:
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## Instalación del CMS PHP NextCloud
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Primero descargamos la última versión y lo movemos al directorio de apache:
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```bash
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wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip
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unzip latest.zip
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cp -r nextcloud/ /var/www/
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chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/
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```
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Ahora configuramos el vhost en el fichero `etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf`:
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```bash
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName www.cloud.roberto.org
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ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
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DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud
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ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
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CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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```bash
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a2ensite nextcloud.conf
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systemctl reload apache2.service
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```
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E instalamos los módulos de php necesarios:
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```bash
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apt install php-zip php-gd php-curl -y
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systemctl reload apache2.service
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```
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Ahora en la máquina con la base de datos creamos la base de datos para nextcloud:
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```bash
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create database nextcloud;
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```
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Tras este paso, podemos acceder a `cloud.roberto.org` para iniciar la instalación, es importante que en la base de datos especifiquemos la ip y el puerto de la máquina con la base de datos:
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Una vez finalizada la instalación, ya podremos utilizar nextcloud:
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---
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## DNS del dominio
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Para configurar el dns tenemos que mirar la dirección en la configuración del VPS:
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y añadir un registro CNAME en la dirección [www.admichin.es](www.admichin.es) que lleve a esa dirección:
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## Configuración del servidor LEMP
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Para instalar el servidor lemp tenemos que instalar los siguientes paquetes:
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```bash
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apt install
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apt install nginx php php-mysql mariadb-server -y
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```
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Ahora, en la máquina con la base de datos, creamos un fichero con la copia de seguridad y lo enviamos a la vps:
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```bash
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mysqldump -u remoto -p -x -A > dbs.sql
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scp dbs.sql calcetines@nodriza.admichin.es:/home/calcetines
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```
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Ahora creamos en la base de datos un usuario con permisos y restauramos las bases de datos:
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```sql
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'contraseña' WITH GRANT OPTION;
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```
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```bash
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mysql --user admin --password < dbs.sql
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```
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## Migración de las aplicaciones
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Para migrar las aplicaciones, tenemos que moverlas al servidor. En este caso utilizaré rsync ya que permite reanudar la transmisión si se interrumpe, además de ser más rápido que scp:
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```bash
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rsync -avP /var/www/mediawiki/ calcetines@nodriza.admichin.es:/home/calcetines/mediawiki
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rsync -avP /var/www/nextcloud/ calcetines@nodriza.admichin.es:/home/calcetines/nextcloud
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```
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Una vez finalizado, en este caso vamos a utilizar un solo virtualhost, por lo que los directorios de ambas aplicaciones deben estar en `/var/www/html/nombreaplicacion`:
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```bash
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upstream php-handler {
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#server 127.0.0.1:9000;
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server unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
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}
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# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
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map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
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"" "";
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default "immutable";
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}
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server {
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listen 80;
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listen [::]:80;
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server_name www.admichin.es;
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# Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
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#server_tokens off;
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rewrite ^/$ /portal;
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# Path to the root of the domain
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root /var/www/html;
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location = /robots.txt {
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allow all;
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log_not_found off;
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access_log off;
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}
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location ^~ /.well-known {
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# The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
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# in the cloud `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.
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location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /cloud/remote.php/dav/; }
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location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /cloud/remote.php/dav/; }
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location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
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location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
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# Let cloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
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# requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
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return 301 /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
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}
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location ^~ /portal {
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# set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
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client_max_body_size 512M;
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client_body_timeout 300s;
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fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
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gzip on;
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gzip_vary on;
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gzip_comp_level 4;
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gzip_min_length 256;
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gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
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gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
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client_body_buffer_size 512k;
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# HTTP response headers borrowed from cloud `.htaccess`
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add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
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add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
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add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
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add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
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add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
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add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
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fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
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index index.php index.html /portal/index.php$request_uri;
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location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
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fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
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set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
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try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
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include fastcgi_params;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
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fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice
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fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls
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fastcgi_pass php-handler;
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fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
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fastcgi_request_buffering off;
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fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
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}
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location /portal {
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try_files $uri $uri/ /portal/index.php$request_uri;
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}
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}
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location ~ /\.ht {
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deny all;
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}
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location ^~ /cloud {
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# set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
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client_max_body_size 512M;
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client_body_timeout 300s;
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fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
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# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
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gzip on;
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gzip_vary on;
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gzip_comp_level 4;
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gzip_min_length 256;
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gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
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gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
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# HTTP response headers borrowed from cloud `.htaccess`
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add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
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add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
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add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
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add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
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add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
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add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
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# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
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|
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
|
|
|
index index.php index.html /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
|
|
|
location = /cloud {
|
|
|
if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
|
|
|
return 302 /cloud/remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
|
|
|
location ~ ^/cloud/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; }
|
|
|
location ~ ^/cloud/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; }
|
|
|
location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
|
|
|
# Required for legacy support
|
|
|
rewrite ^/cloud/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
|
|
|
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
|
|
|
|
|
|
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
|
|
|
|
|
|
include fastcgi_params;
|
|
|
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
|
|
|
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
|
|
|
# fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice
|
|
|
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls
|
|
|
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
|
|
|
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
|
|
|
try_files $uri /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
|
|
|
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
location ~ \.wasm$ {
|
|
|
default_type application/wasm;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
|
|
|
try_files $uri /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
expires 7d; # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
|
|
|
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
|
|
|
location /cloud/remote {
|
|
|
return 301 /cloud/remote.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
location /cloud {
|
|
|
try_files $uri $uri/ /cloud/index.php$request_uri;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
### MediaWiki
|
|
|
|
|
|
para migrar la aplicación de mediawiki tenemos que realizar los siguientes pasos:
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Primero tenemos que transferir los ficheros que se encuentren en el document root de mediawiki a la vps, en este caso con rsync:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
rsync -avP /var/www/mediawiki/ calcetines@nodriza.admichin.es:/home/calcetines/mediawiki
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* dentro de la vps lo movemos a su nueva ubicación:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
mv mediawiki /var/www/html/portal
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* El último paso, es configurar el fichero `LocalSettings.php` (he quitado los comentarios para que sea menos largo):
|
|
|
|
|
|
```php
|
|
|
<?php
|
|
|
if ( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) { exit;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
$wgSitename = "adMICHIn.es"; $wgMetaNamespace = "AdMICHIn.es";
|
|
|
$wgScriptPath = "/portal";
|
|
|
$wgServer = "http://www.admichin.es";
|
|
|
$wgResourceBasePath = $wgScriptPath;
|
|
|
$wgLogos = [ '1x' => "https://i.imgur.com/KqnlgCE.png",
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'icon' => "https://i.imgur.com/KqnlgCE.png", ];
|
|
|
$wgEnableEmail = true; $wgEnableUserEmail = true; # UPO $wgEmergencyContact = "apache@<40><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.invalid"; $wgPasswordSender =
|
|
|
"apache@<40><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.invalid"; $wgEnotifUserTalk = false; # UPO $wgEnotifWatchlist = false; # UPO $wgEmailAuthentication = true;
|
|
|
$wgDBtype = "mysql"; $wgDBserver = "localhost"; $wgDBname = "mediawiki"; $wgDBuser = "admin"; $wgDBpassword =
|
|
|
"contraseña";
|
|
|
$wgDBprefix = "";
|
|
|
$wgDBTableOptions = "ENGINE=InnoDB, DEFAULT CHARSET=binary";
|
|
|
$wgSharedTables[] = "actor";
|
|
|
$wgMainCacheType = CACHE_NONE; $wgMemCachedServers = [];
|
|
|
$wgEnableUploads = false;
|
|
|
$wgUseInstantCommons = false;
|
|
|
$wgPingback = true;
|
|
|
$wgLanguageCode = "es";
|
|
|
$wgLocaltimezone = "UTC";
|
|
|
$wgSecretKey = "61c7675d604b7bd8b0b434dd7c53d6470ff8797636136e4ef7ade0e08cdaba14";
|
|
|
$wgAuthenticationTokenVersion = "1";
|
|
|
$wgUpgradeKey = "696787eac8f24d0f";
|
|
|
$wgRightsPage = ""; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright $wgRightsUrl = ""; $wgRightsText =
|
|
|
""; $wgRightsIcon = "";
|
|
|
$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3";
|
|
|
$wgDefaultSkin = "MonoBook";
|
|
|
wfLoadSkin( 'MinervaNeue' ); wfLoadSkin( 'MonoBook' ); wfLoadSkin( 'Timeless' ); wfLoadSkin( 'Vector' );
|
|
|
wfLoadExtension( 'SimpleCalendar' );
|
|
|
$wgUsePathInfo = TRUE;
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tras eso mediaWiki estaría totalmente configurado y podremos acceder con: [http://www.admichin.es](http://www.admichin.es)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### NextCloud
|
|
|
|
|
|
Para migrar nextcloud, el método es diferente. Siguiendo [guía oficial](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/maintenance/migrating.html) hay que seguir los siguientes pasos:
|
|
|
|
|
|
* En la vps, tenemos que instalar los requisitos previos de nextcloud
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
pt install php-zip php-gd php-curl -y
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* En la máquina original, hay que activar el modo mantenimiento del Nextcloud (desde el document root de nextcloud) y apagar el servidor tras 6-7 minutos:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
sudo -u www-data php occ maintenance:mode --on
|
|
|
systemctl stop apache2
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Cuando termine copiamos los ficheros de nextcloud a la vps:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
rsync -avP /var/www/nextcloud/ calcetines@nodriza.admichin.es:/home/calcetines/nextcloud
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Dentro de la vps lo movemos a su nueva ubicación:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
|
mv nextcloud /var/www/html/cloud
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* en el fichero config.php tenemos que adaptar las opciones:
|
|
|
|
|
|
```php
|
|
|
<?php
|
|
|
$CONFIG = array (
|
|
|
'instanceid' => 'oct5tjcnoj2h',
|
|
|
'passwordsalt' => 'uz7Kh0ZsihYsbbhIhL/HojMYSVc20y',
|
|
|
'secret' => 'NxO/97NF1AoG+oCMrY3ryaefvSGO6SHczYjoc5x8NvsLZ1ma',
|
|
|
'trusted_domains' =>
|
|
|
array (
|
|
|
0 => 'www.admichin.es',
|
|
|
),
|
|
|
'datadirectory' => '/var/www/html/cloud/data',
|
|
|
'dbtype' => 'mysql',
|
|
|
'version' => '25.0.1.1',
|
|
|
'overwrite.cli.url' => 'http://www.admichin.es/cloud',
|
|
|
'dbname' => 'nextcloud',
|
|
|
'dbhost' => 'localhost',
|
|
|
'dbport' => '',
|
|
|
'dbtableprefix' => 'oc_',
|
|
|
'mysql.utf8mb4' => true,
|
|
|
'dbuser' => 'oc_roberto',
|
|
|
'dbpassword' => '}QR947P6^,vV%K$ATu]$W~%)AUhj6X',
|
|
|
'installed' => true,
|
|
|
'maintenance' => true,
|
|
|
);
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Ahora, teniendo en cuenta que el serverblock de nginx está configurado, comprobamos que al acceder a [http://www.admichin.es/cloud](http://www.admichin.es/cloud) aparece el modo mantenimiento.
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Si aparecece la misma imagen que en el caso anterior, entonces podemos cambiar el valor de configuración de `mainteinance` a false, y recargamos la página:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |